消除对早产癌症死亡的社会经济和种族差异的影响
2011-09-18 19:45:45   来源：37度医学网   作者：  评论：0 点击：

Cancer incidence and death rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in whites and African Americans for all cancer sites combined and for the 4 most common cancer sites. However, incidence and death rates for cancer sites related to infectious agents, such as those of the uterine cervix, stomach, and liver, are generally higher in minority populations than in whites. Stomach and liver cancer incidence and death rates are at least twice as high in Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders compared with whites, reflecting an increased prevalence of chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis B and C viruses in this population. Kidney cancer incidence and death rates are the highest among American Indians/Alaska Natives; the higher prevalence of obesity and smoking in this population are factors that may contribute to this disparity. 23

Trends in cancer incidence can be adjusted for delayed reporting only in whites and African Americans because the long-term incidence data required for delay adjustment are not available for other racial and ethnic subgroups. From 1998 to 2007, both incidence (unadjusted for delayed reporting) and death rates for all cancer sites combined decreased among men of all racial/ethnic groups; the largest declines in death rates occurred among men of African American (2.6% per year) and Hispanic heritage (2.5% per year) (Table 10 ). 12 It is important to note, however, that cancer death rates in African American men remain substantially higher than those among white men and twice those of Hispanic men. Among women during this time period, incidence rates decreased in whites, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics, and were stable in African Americans and American Indians/Alaska Natives; cancer death rates decreased among women of all racial/ethnic groups except American Indians/Alaska Natives, in whom they were stable.