2011年最畅销的10种抗癌药物
2012-05-17 13:11:40   来源： 丁香园   作者：  评论：0 点击：

肿瘤药物的研制十分火热。揭开大多数主流制药商的面纱，您会发现各个药厂都处于不同的发展阶段。通常对药物需求量的增加有以下原因：像中国这样的国家医疗 开支不断增长；越老越多的中产阶级能够更好地享受到印度和其他新兴市场的医疗保健；高龄人口对美国和日本等大的药品市场的贡献。但人们对抗癌药物的需求有 其自身的特点。这些药物用于治疗一些致命的，可怕的疾病，这就使得患者哪怕花费天价也要购买这些药物。如果不是制药公司漫天要价，像英国国家健康与临床高 级研究院这样锱铢必较的守门员还是非常乐意将新药用于绝症患者的治疗。

许多最近获批和正在研制的新型抗癌药物旨在治疗特定基因变异引起的癌症。这些药物可以有针对性地使部分患者受益——这种益处为抬高价格提供了理由。最终， 癌症的生物治疗药物不会像传统药物一样面临过多的的竞争压力，所以有些制药商不惜低成本仿制赫赛汀这种相对比较老的药物。美国有关生物药品仿制的若干规定 承诺将改变这种局面——但至今仍未有任何改变。

事实上，我们列出了三个最畅销的抗癌药物——B细胞单克隆抗体，阿瓦斯丁和赫赛汀——分别在1997年，2004年和1998年获得批准。对于其开发者， 美国罗氏公司（ RHHBY ）的子公司——遗传技术公司来说，这些药物是长期卖点。最新上榜药物特罗凯——另一个该公司产品，于2004年11月获得了FDA的批准。

这样，我们可以计算：根据**仕市场研究公司得到的数据，去年因为这10种药物给美国带来的销售额达564万美元到30亿美元不等。尼萨. 努尔.穆罕默迪收集了这项数据。本报告中您将了解到个人的真实情况。应当指出，获得FDA批准的药物并不一定代表能够获得相关机构的批准商标。
Oncology drugs are hot. Scratch beneath the surface of most major drugmakers, and you'll find a host of them in various stages of development. The usual reasons for growing drug demand apply: Rising healthcare spending in countries such as China; an expanding middle class better able to access healthcare in India and other emerging markets; and aging populations in big drug markets like the U.S. and Japan. But cancer drugs have their own unique drivers. They treat deadly, frightening diseases, so patients demand them, even at nosebleed prices. Penny-pinching gatekeepers like the U.K.'s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence are more amenable to new drugs for patients with terminal illness, if not at pharma's asking price.

Many of the newer cancer drugs, recently approved and in development, are aimed at cancers with specific genetic variations, so the drugs can be targeted to patients who are most likely to benefit--and that likely benefit can command premium prices. Finally, biologic treatments for cancer don't face generic competition on schedule as traditional drugs do, so even older drugs such as Herceptin don't have to contend with low-cost knockoffs. U.S. provisions for biosimilar versions guarantee that will change--but it hasn't changed yet.

In fact, the three top-selling cancer drugs on our list--Rituxan, Avastin and Herceptin--were approved in 1997, 2004, and 1998, respectively. So, they've been long-term earners for their developer, Genentech, now Roche's ($RHHBY) U.S. unit. The newest drug on the list is Tarceva, another Genentech product, which won FDA approval in November 2004.

So, let's get down to the figures: These 10 treatments brought in U.S. sales last year ranging from $564 million to $3 billion, according to IMS Health numbers. Our Nesa Nourmohammadi gathered the data. You'll get the individual nitty-gritty in this report. It should be noted that the list of FDA approvals for each drug is not intended to represent the very precise indications on agency-approved labels.