电子烟使用者相信它们的危险性低于普通香烟
2013-02-14 19:58:51 来源：37度医学网 作者： 评论：0 点击：
1.Most users of electronic cigarettes surveyed believe they're less dangerous than regular cigarettes and will help them stop smoking. Also this week: Eli Lilly halts work on a novel arthritis drug.
大多数接受调查的电子烟使用者相信它们的危险性低于普通香烟，并会帮助他们戒烟。同时在本周，礼来停止开发一种新的治疗关节炎的药物。
2.Most E-Cigarette Buyers Believe Them Safer
大多数电子烟的买家相信它们更为安全
3.Some 80% of individuals who reported using so-called electronic cigarettes in a large survey said the products are safer than traditional cigarettes.
在一项大型调查中，报告使用了所谓的电子烟的人，80%认为该产品比传统香烟更安全。
4.Battery-powered e-cigs, also known as electronic delivery nicotine systems, heat and vaporize a solution containing nicotine, usually with flavorings added. Many are designed to resemble traditional tobacco cigarettes.
电池供电的电子烟，也被称为尼古丁电子传送系统，可将含有尼古丁并常常添加了香料的溶液加热、使之汽化。很多电子烟的外形被设计成和传统烟草卷烟的外形一样。
（这里忍不住多嘴说一下：大家注意了，实际上它不能帮助戒烟，只会让人换个方式吸入尼古丁。戒烟还是要靠自身的毅力。）
5.Most e-cigarette users also said they buy the products to help them reduce or quit smoking, according to Richard O'Connor, PhD, of Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, N.Y., and colleagues.
根据纽约布法罗的罗斯维尔癌症中心的Richard O'Connor博士和他的同事报导，大多数电子烟使用者还表示，他们购买此产品是为了帮助他们减少吸烟量或戒烟。
6.The survey was conducted in nearly 6,000 current and former smokers in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and Great Britain.
这项调查分析了美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和英国的共约6000名目前在吸烟和以前吸过烟的人。
7.About half of all respondents had heard of e-cigarettes, but only 3% reported current use of the products. About 40% of individuals who had ever tried them were current users, the researchers reported online in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
大约有一半的受访者听说过电子烟，但仅有3％的人报告目前正在使用该产品。研究人员在《美国预防医学杂志》网络版上报告，大约有40％的人曾经尝试使用该产品。
8.Lilly Pulls Plug on RA Drug
礼来停止开发类风湿性关节炎药物
9.Eli Lilly said it was dropping development of the B-cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor tabalumab for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after reviewing results of a failed clinical trial.
礼来公司表示，在审查了一个相关且失败的临床试验结果后，它放弃研发用以治疗类风湿性关节炎的B细胞活化因子抑制剂。
10.In December, the company had said it was stopping one phase III clinical trial because an interim analysis showed "lack of treatment effect."
在12月，该公司曾表示，放弃研发是因为一个III期临床试验的中期分析显示“没有治疗效果”。
11.That prompted the company to conduct an interim futility analysis in a second phase III study. Lilly did not say specifically what it found, but it announced that it was ending all trials of the drug for RA.
这促使该公司在第二阶段的III期研究进行中期无效分析。礼来没有说它的发现具体是什么，但该公司宣布，将结束所有关于类风湿性关节炎治疗药物的临床试验。
12.Lilly said it was continuing its current phase III program for tabalumab in systemic lupus erythematosus as planned.
礼来公司说，它正在继续其目前的第三阶段项目，计划研发tabalumab用以治疗系统性红斑狼疮。
13.Botulism from Prison Brew Hits Inmates
监狱酿造的酒使囚犯肉毒中毒
14.Twelve inmates of an Arizona state prison fell ill with botulism last year after drinking a home-brewed alcoholic concoction called "pruno," the CDC reported.
疾病预防控制中心报告，去年，亚利桑那州监狱的12名囚犯喝了自酿的名为“pruno”的酒精混合液后出现了肉毒杆菌中毒。
15.Two separate outbreaks occurred at the unidentified prison, according to CDC and Arizona health officials writing in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, one in August and another in November. All patients survived, but they had to be hospitalized and eight were intubated.
根据疾病预防控制中心和美国亚利桑那州卫生官员写的《发病率和死亡率周报》，两次独立的感染爆发发生在不明的监狱，一次在八月，另一次在十一月。所有患者都活了下来，但他们不得不住院治疗，其中8个已气管插管治疗。
16.Pruno-brewing is believed to be a common pastime in prisons across the country but because it is usually not made under sterile conditions, contamination with Clostridium botulinum is a risk.
Pruno酝造被认为是一个在全国各地的监狱里常见的消遣方式，但因为它通常不是在无菌条件下进行的，所以存在肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌污染的风险。
17.The beverage can be made with almost anything containing sugar, but potatoes were apparently the main ingredient in the Arizona brews. Potato-based pruno was also responsible for three other botulism outbreaks in Utah and California since 2004, the report said.
该报告称，几乎任何含糖物质都可以制造出这种饮料，但在亚利桑那州，马铃薯显然是主要材料。自2004年以来，在犹他州和加利福尼亚州发生了另外三起肉毒杆菌中毒事件，以马铃薯为基础的pruno也得为之负责。
18.Arizona officials have since banned potatoes from the affected prison kitchen, and are considering how to put other foods that can be used in pruno, including sugar, out of inmates' easy reach.
亚利桑那州的官员已开始禁止在中毒事件所牵涉的监狱厨房内使用马铃薯，并考虑如何使犯人难以获得其他可用来制作pruno的食物，包括糖。
19.Amgen Plans 2017 Launch for Six Biosimilar Drugs
安进公司计划2017年推出6个生物仿制药
20.The world's largest biotechnology company said it expects to bring six biosimilar drugs to the U.S. market in 2017, now that a regulatory pathway has been cleared.
全球最大的生物技术公司表示，预计2017年将把目前专利已到期的6个生物制药的仿制品引入美国市场。
21.In comments made to industry analysts at a meeting, the company's CEO Robert Bradway said Amgen would be launching biosimilar versions of bevacizumab (Avastin), adalimumab (Humira), infliximab (Remicade), trastuzumab (Herceptin), rituximab (Rituxan), and cetuximab (Erbitux).
在一个对各产业分析的评论会议上，该公司的执行总裁Robert Bradway表明，安进将推出仿制版的贝伐单抗（阿瓦斯丁），阿达木单抗（修美乐），英夫利昔单抗（类克），曲妥珠单抗（赫赛汀），利妥昔单抗（美罗华）和西妥昔单抗（爱必妥）。
22.The 2010 Affordable Care Act created an abbreviated approval system for biosimilars -- essentially generic versions of branded biologic drugs, except that the products may differ from the originals in minor ways -- and the FDA issued a draft guidance for industry in February 2012.
2010年的《合理医疗费用法案》对于生物仿制药品（本质与品牌生物制药相同的仿制品，即使细微不同于原件的也除外）制定了一个简单的核准制度，此外，2012年2月美国食品及药物管理局发布了相关产业指导原则草案。
23.Amgen's long experience in producing and winning approval for biologic drugs is expected to give it a leg up in the race to bring biosimilars to market.
安进公司在获得批准并生产生物制药方面有丰富的经验，有望在把生物仿制药引入市场的比赛中占上风。
24.Novel Stroke Treatment Trial Expands
新的中风治疗试验在扩展
25.Investigators running a trial of brain cooling in addition to thrombolysis for acute stroke treatment said they had received the go-ahead to push enrollment to 400 from the previous limit of 50.
正在进行一项在非溶栓期予脑冷却治疗急性卒中的临床试验的研究人员，表明试验已经得出前期效果，使得招募限制人数从原先的50人提升到了400人。
26.The treatment involves placing a catheter within the inferior vena cava to remove heat from the blood, achieving rapid cooling in a controlled way. The target body temperature in the trial is 33°C, maintained for 24 hours before gradual rewarming.
治疗包括在下腔静脉内放置导管，从血液开始降温，以可控的方式实现快速冷却。保持试验受试者身上的温度为33℃，24小时后逐渐回温。
27.Researchers believe that the controlled hypothermia will reduce neurological damage from stroke and improve functional outcomes.
研究人员认为，可控性低体温会降低中风患者的神经系统的损害，并改善机能的转归。
28.Principal investigator Patrick Lyden, MD, of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, said in a statement that the FDA had reviewed data on the first 50 patients and allowed the study to be expanded.
首席研究员、洛杉矶Cedars-Sinai医疗中心的Patrick Lyden博士，在一份声明中表明，美国食品和药物管理局已审核50例患者的数据，并允许该研究进一步扩展。
大多数接受调查的电子烟使用者相信它们的危险性低于普通香烟，并会帮助他们戒烟。同时在本周，礼来停止开发一种新的治疗关节炎的药物。
2.Most E-Cigarette Buyers Believe Them Safer
大多数电子烟的买家相信它们更为安全
3.Some 80% of individuals who reported using so-called electronic cigarettes in a large survey said the products are safer than traditional cigarettes.
在一项大型调查中，报告使用了所谓的电子烟的人，80%认为该产品比传统香烟更安全。
4.Battery-powered e-cigs, also known as electronic delivery nicotine systems, heat and vaporize a solution containing nicotine, usually with flavorings added. Many are designed to resemble traditional tobacco cigarettes.
电池供电的电子烟，也被称为尼古丁电子传送系统，可将含有尼古丁并常常添加了香料的溶液加热、使之汽化。很多电子烟的外形被设计成和传统烟草卷烟的外形一样。
（这里忍不住多嘴说一下：大家注意了，实际上它不能帮助戒烟，只会让人换个方式吸入尼古丁。戒烟还是要靠自身的毅力。）
5.Most e-cigarette users also said they buy the products to help them reduce or quit smoking, according to Richard O'Connor, PhD, of Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, N.Y., and colleagues.
根据纽约布法罗的罗斯维尔癌症中心的Richard O'Connor博士和他的同事报导，大多数电子烟使用者还表示，他们购买此产品是为了帮助他们减少吸烟量或戒烟。
6.The survey was conducted in nearly 6,000 current and former smokers in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and Great Britain.
这项调查分析了美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和英国的共约6000名目前在吸烟和以前吸过烟的人。
7.About half of all respondents had heard of e-cigarettes, but only 3% reported current use of the products. About 40% of individuals who had ever tried them were current users, the researchers reported online in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
大约有一半的受访者听说过电子烟，但仅有3％的人报告目前正在使用该产品。研究人员在《美国预防医学杂志》网络版上报告，大约有40％的人曾经尝试使用该产品。
8.Lilly Pulls Plug on RA Drug
礼来停止开发类风湿性关节炎药物
9.Eli Lilly said it was dropping development of the B-cell activating factor (BAFF) inhibitor tabalumab for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after reviewing results of a failed clinical trial.
礼来公司表示，在审查了一个相关且失败的临床试验结果后，它放弃研发用以治疗类风湿性关节炎的B细胞活化因子抑制剂。
10.In December, the company had said it was stopping one phase III clinical trial because an interim analysis showed "lack of treatment effect."
在12月，该公司曾表示，放弃研发是因为一个III期临床试验的中期分析显示“没有治疗效果”。
11.That prompted the company to conduct an interim futility analysis in a second phase III study. Lilly did not say specifically what it found, but it announced that it was ending all trials of the drug for RA.
这促使该公司在第二阶段的III期研究进行中期无效分析。礼来没有说它的发现具体是什么，但该公司宣布，将结束所有关于类风湿性关节炎治疗药物的临床试验。
12.Lilly said it was continuing its current phase III program for tabalumab in systemic lupus erythematosus as planned.
礼来公司说，它正在继续其目前的第三阶段项目，计划研发tabalumab用以治疗系统性红斑狼疮。
13.Botulism from Prison Brew Hits Inmates
监狱酿造的酒使囚犯肉毒中毒
14.Twelve inmates of an Arizona state prison fell ill with botulism last year after drinking a home-brewed alcoholic concoction called "pruno," the CDC reported.
疾病预防控制中心报告，去年，亚利桑那州监狱的12名囚犯喝了自酿的名为“pruno”的酒精混合液后出现了肉毒杆菌中毒。
15.Two separate outbreaks occurred at the unidentified prison, according to CDC and Arizona health officials writing in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, one in August and another in November. All patients survived, but they had to be hospitalized and eight were intubated.
根据疾病预防控制中心和美国亚利桑那州卫生官员写的《发病率和死亡率周报》，两次独立的感染爆发发生在不明的监狱，一次在八月，另一次在十一月。所有患者都活了下来，但他们不得不住院治疗，其中8个已气管插管治疗。
16.Pruno-brewing is believed to be a common pastime in prisons across the country but because it is usually not made under sterile conditions, contamination with Clostridium botulinum is a risk.
Pruno酝造被认为是一个在全国各地的监狱里常见的消遣方式，但因为它通常不是在无菌条件下进行的，所以存在肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌污染的风险。
17.The beverage can be made with almost anything containing sugar, but potatoes were apparently the main ingredient in the Arizona brews. Potato-based pruno was also responsible for three other botulism outbreaks in Utah and California since 2004, the report said.
该报告称，几乎任何含糖物质都可以制造出这种饮料，但在亚利桑那州，马铃薯显然是主要材料。自2004年以来，在犹他州和加利福尼亚州发生了另外三起肉毒杆菌中毒事件，以马铃薯为基础的pruno也得为之负责。
18.Arizona officials have since banned potatoes from the affected prison kitchen, and are considering how to put other foods that can be used in pruno, including sugar, out of inmates' easy reach.
亚利桑那州的官员已开始禁止在中毒事件所牵涉的监狱厨房内使用马铃薯，并考虑如何使犯人难以获得其他可用来制作pruno的食物，包括糖。
19.Amgen Plans 2017 Launch for Six Biosimilar Drugs
安进公司计划2017年推出6个生物仿制药
20.The world's largest biotechnology company said it expects to bring six biosimilar drugs to the U.S. market in 2017, now that a regulatory pathway has been cleared.
全球最大的生物技术公司表示，预计2017年将把目前专利已到期的6个生物制药的仿制品引入美国市场。
21.In comments made to industry analysts at a meeting, the company's CEO Robert Bradway said Amgen would be launching biosimilar versions of bevacizumab (Avastin), adalimumab (Humira), infliximab (Remicade), trastuzumab (Herceptin), rituximab (Rituxan), and cetuximab (Erbitux).
在一个对各产业分析的评论会议上，该公司的执行总裁Robert Bradway表明，安进将推出仿制版的贝伐单抗（阿瓦斯丁），阿达木单抗（修美乐），英夫利昔单抗（类克），曲妥珠单抗（赫赛汀），利妥昔单抗（美罗华）和西妥昔单抗（爱必妥）。
22.The 2010 Affordable Care Act created an abbreviated approval system for biosimilars -- essentially generic versions of branded biologic drugs, except that the products may differ from the originals in minor ways -- and the FDA issued a draft guidance for industry in February 2012.
2010年的《合理医疗费用法案》对于生物仿制药品（本质与品牌生物制药相同的仿制品，即使细微不同于原件的也除外）制定了一个简单的核准制度，此外，2012年2月美国食品及药物管理局发布了相关产业指导原则草案。
23.Amgen's long experience in producing and winning approval for biologic drugs is expected to give it a leg up in the race to bring biosimilars to market.
安进公司在获得批准并生产生物制药方面有丰富的经验，有望在把生物仿制药引入市场的比赛中占上风。
24.Novel Stroke Treatment Trial Expands
新的中风治疗试验在扩展
25.Investigators running a trial of brain cooling in addition to thrombolysis for acute stroke treatment said they had received the go-ahead to push enrollment to 400 from the previous limit of 50.
正在进行一项在非溶栓期予脑冷却治疗急性卒中的临床试验的研究人员，表明试验已经得出前期效果，使得招募限制人数从原先的50人提升到了400人。
26.The treatment involves placing a catheter within the inferior vena cava to remove heat from the blood, achieving rapid cooling in a controlled way. The target body temperature in the trial is 33°C, maintained for 24 hours before gradual rewarming.
治疗包括在下腔静脉内放置导管，从血液开始降温，以可控的方式实现快速冷却。保持试验受试者身上的温度为33℃，24小时后逐渐回温。
27.Researchers believe that the controlled hypothermia will reduce neurological damage from stroke and improve functional outcomes.
研究人员认为，可控性低体温会降低中风患者的神经系统的损害，并改善机能的转归。
28.Principal investigator Patrick Lyden, MD, of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, said in a statement that the FDA had reviewed data on the first 50 patients and allowed the study to be expanded.
首席研究员、洛杉矶Cedars-Sinai医疗中心的Patrick Lyden博士，在一份声明中表明，美国食品和药物管理局已审核50例患者的数据，并允许该研究进一步扩展。
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