通过降低风险来预防乳腺癌的机会和策略
2009-05-26 20:36:09   来源：   作者：  评论：0 点击：

Due to the high incidence of breast cancer among US females, risk-reduction strategies are essential. Before considering approaches to breast cancer risk reduction, it is important for clinicians to complete individualized qualitative and quantitative assessments of risk for their patients in order to inform physicians' clinical decision making and management and to engage patients collaboratively in a thorough discussion of risks and benefits. This review will summarize information on potential pharmacologic, nutritional, surgical, and behavioral approaches to reducing breast cancer risk.

While there is no clear evidence that specific dietary components can effectively reduce breast cancer risk, weight gain and obesity in adulthood are risk factors for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer. Alcohol consumption, even at moderate levels, increases breast cancer risk, although some of the detrimental effects may be reduced by sufficient folate intake. Women at increased risk of breast cancer can opt to reduce their breast cancer risk through the use of tamoxifen or raloxifene; other chemopreventive agents remain under investigation. Surgical approaches to risk reductions are restricted to those patients with a substantially increased risk of developing breast cancer. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle for their overall well-being and to remain up to date with recommendations for screening and surveillance.
乳腺癌在美国女性中有很高的发病率，因此降低乳腺癌的策略是很有必要的。在考虑采用降低乳腺癌风险途径之前，根据患者的个性化特征，进行定性和定量评价病人的疾病风险，以便告知内科医生临床决策和处理办法，与病人共同面对疾病，倾心全面交流所患疾病的利与弊，这对临床医生来说是非常重要的。这篇综述会归纳潜在的药理学、营养学、外科学、行为学途径来降低乳腺癌发生危险。

成年人体重增加和肥胖都是绝经后乳腺癌发病的危险因子，然而没有确切证据表明特定的食普能有效降低乳腺癌发病率。尽管通过摄入足够的叶酸可能会降低有害因素，即使是一种适度水平的喝酒，都能提高乳腺癌的发病风险，妇女选择他莫昔芬或雷洛昔芬降低乳腺癌发病风险，这其实提高了发病风险；据调查，还有其它化学预防剂代理商。患者手术径路实际上提高了乳腺癌的风险。患者为了自已的健康应该鼓励自已，保持一个健康的生活方式； 随时接受新的建议和监督。