职称英语考试语法辅导:被动语态
2011-12-07 13:23:16   来源:   作者:  评论:0 点击:


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④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:
(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。
(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
(2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
(3)主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。

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