职称英语语法辅导:倒装、省略、强调、语序
2011-12-07 13:23:06   来源:   作者:  评论:0 点击:


不省略:If irrigation is not well managed, it can be harmful.
省略:If not well managed, irrigation may be harmful.
(如果管理不当,灌溉也可能会造成损害。)
从以上两个例子可以归纳出此类从句的省略基本规则:
只有当主句和从句的主语相同时才能采用省略形式,省略时将从句的主语连同be动词(若有)一起省略;
如果句子主语与从句的动词是主动关系,采用-ing形式;如果句子主语与从句的动词是被动关系,采用-ed形式;
根据以上规则,确定以下题目的正确答案:
If ______ a hot bath before sleep, a day‘s tiredness will soon vanish.(睡前洗个热水澡,一天的疲劳很快就会消失。)
A.taking
B.taken
C.to take
D.you take
解题思路:由于该句主句的主语是“a day‘s tiredness”,不可能发出“take a hot bath”的行为,故不能采用省略,答案应为D.
在if / when / whether + it is necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable 等结构时,则省去 “it is”, 只保留 necessary, possible, convenient, important, applicable等,这是习惯,例如:
Take the medicine when necessary.
注意:英语中一般不能说:you are necessary / convenient / possible/ important等,例如不能说: Take this medicine when you are necessary, 或Come when you are convenient. (应说:Come when it is convenient to you.)
3)what, when, whether, how等 + to do (be) 的省略形式,例如:
You are a college student now;you should know what to do and what not to do.
(你已经是大学生了,应该知道什么该做,什么不该做。)
The train leaves at midnight, but at present we have not decided whether to take the trip.
(火车半夜出发,但是目前我们还没有决定是否出行。)
但是:why (not) do, 中间不用 “to” 连接,例如:
Why not go and ask the teacher for help?(干吗不去老师那儿请求帮助?)
3.强调:
强调是一种修辞方式,如前面所说的“倒装”就是一种重要的强调手段。
此外,还可以借助助词进行强调,例如:
She did come yesterday; I saw her in the office.
(她昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到她的。)
本讲要讨论的主要是“it is …。that…”强调句, 即:将句子中除谓语动词以外的成分(主语、宾语、状语等)用“it is …。that…”加以连接,组成强调句,如果是人,也可以用“it is… who…”, 例如:
John bought a toy train for his son yesterday.(昨天约翰给他儿子买了辆玩具火车。)
强调主语:It was John who (或that)bought a toy train for his son yesterday.
强调宾语:It was a toy train that John bought for his son yesterday.
强调宾语(或目的):It was for his son that John bought a toy train yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that John bought a toy train for his son 。

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