2009年职称英语考试补全短文必背解题技巧
2009-05-26 20:37:38   来源：   作者：  评论：0 点击：

2009年职称英语考试补全短文必背解题技巧

　　第一节 补全短文的技巧

　　补全短文题型中，每个题目都是一个陈述句，出现的位置不固定。

　　这种题型不是要求你写出答案，而是从选项中选择。选项的数目要多于题目的数目。

　　补全短文题型对阅读能力的要求较高，同时也非常注重基础知识如语法、词汇知识的考查，因此补全短文题型的难度较大，是职称考试中最令考生头痛的题型之一。下面，我们来共同探索一下补全短文题型的出题思路及解题技巧，以下面这篇文章为例：

　　【例1】

　　Home Schooling

　　All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. 46 There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values, others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home. 47

　　David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school. 48 For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. 49

　　Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. 50 However, most parents don't have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.

　　练习：

　　A. Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.

　　B. Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.

　　C. Learning starts with the children's interests and questions.

　　D. Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers".

　　E. In some countries, there are children who are educated by their parents at home instead of by teachers at school.

　　F. If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news, it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate, how deserts are formed, and how the polar ice caps affect ocean levels.

　　解题方略：解每道题时只需要阅读该题所在段落，不需要阅读其他段落。往往通过阅读该题目的前后句就能够确定答案。

　　1.利用转折关系来做题。

　　对于46题，我们可以阅读其前面两句话可知，法律没有规定孩子们必须在学校里接受教育，这句话的潜台词就是有一些孩子没有在学校里接受教育，那么他们在哪里接受教育呢?那么就学生而言，at school相对应的应该是at home，所以选D。

　　2.利用归纳总结关系来做题。

　　对于47题，出现在第一段的末尾。在这一段中，一直在对比在学校里接受教育和在家里接受教育，作为总结句，应该对这两种教育形式的优劣作出对比总结。在六个选项中，只有A和E提到了这两种教育形式，但只有A正确，其中的results暗示了正确答案。

　　3.利用总分关系来解题。

　　对于48题，从例证词for example我们就可得知，48空中必须出现一个具有概括意义的名词而且这个名词必须包括For example后所举的例子。通过阅读48题后面的句子：冬天下雪时他们与孩子讨论有关气候问题与除雪设备，讨论阿拉斯加、北极熊、冬季旅游等话题。在春天的夜晚，举家出去看星星，然后问孩子一些有关卫星、太空项目等方面的问题。这些讲的是孩子感兴趣的话题，因此正确答案选C。

　　4.利用并列关系解题。

　　对于49题，应当是48题的延续。49题作为第二段的最后一句，要么是对该段的总结，要么是For example后例证的并列。作为总结性的答案在选项中已经没有了，只可能是并列关系，因此选F。

　　5.利用关键词来解题。

　　对于50题，我们可以完全用关键词来解题。在最后一段第一句中出现了critics这个单词，由此可见该段主要讲批评家对home schooling所持的态度，在六个选项中只有B答案中出现了critics这个词，因此只能选B。

　　6.利用时间关系来解题。

　　我们以下面这篇文章为例：

　　【例2】

　　How to do well in exams

　　Do not underestimate the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination. The closer you are to the exam, the more chance you have of storing and retaining crucial information. But do not overdo it. 46 An effective daily routine can help you through an exam period, so in the days leading up to your first exam, get into the habit of being up and ready to word by game. It can be a shock to the system after months of working to your own timetable to be mentally alert at that time if you have not prepared for it.

　　On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast, pack tow of everything you need (pens, pencils, erasers, etc.), then make your way to the examination hall in good time. 47

　　Once in your seat, simply pause for a few seconds and collect your thoughts. Close your eyes and take in a few slow, deep breaths to help you relax. When you turn over the test paper, spend a shot period reading through all the instructions and questions, paying particular attention to key verbs such as "discuss", "compare" and "evaluate". 48 It is always wise to allow 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers. Once you have selected the questions you wish to tackle, begin by attempting the one you think is your strongest. It will give you more confidence when you see a well-answered question down on paper. Also remember to write clearly, and do not be afraid to express the unexpected: after all, examiners can get very bored marking stereotypical answers.

　　49 If you do need something else to focus on to help you collect your thoughts, choose a fixture in the room, such as the ceiling or anything else that will not allow you to be distracted. Finally, once you have finished, never hang around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students. 50

　　上述这篇文章的正确答案为D，A，E，B，C

　　A. Try no to be contempt to look at those around you, or at the clock.

　　B. When you get home, read the examination paper through and look up the other words you didn't understand.

　　C. Sleep exercise and relaxation are all just as important.

　　D. Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how muck time you should spend on each question.

　　E. Go and have a well earned rest — then prepare for you are next exam.

　　F. Do not arrive too early, though, as other people's anxiety can be contagious(传染性的), and you may suffer from undue panic.

　　这是按照考试的先后顺序来确定正确答案的。

　　第二节 补全短文基础练习

　　WTO

　　The World Trade Organization is an international organization that promotes trade in goods and services between nations. Most nations belong to the World Trade Organization, often called the WTO.

　　A WTO member nation has both rights and responsibilities. 46 The main responsibility of a member nation is to follow WTO guidelines on international trade. 47 Another important rule involves the resolution of trade disputes. In case of disagreement over a trade issue, a member nation agrees to submit the case to a WTO commitments for review. If the committee finds that a country has violated its WTO commitments, 48

　　The World Trade Organization was founded in 1995. It absorbed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which covers trade in manufactured and agricultural goods. The WTO also regulates trade in services and in intellectual property, 49

　　The WTO is one of three major organizations that oversee international economic relations among governments. The other two are the International Monetary Fund, which works to improve payment arrangements and other financial dealings between countries, and the World Bank, 50 WTO headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

　　A. which includes such creations as books, computer software, and recordings.

　　B. the country must either change its practices or face increased taxes on its exports.

　　C. WTO plays a important role in the trade between nations.

　　D. The most important right guarantees that, except in special circumstances, a country's export goods and services get the same import taxes, that is, tariffs, and other trade restrictions.

　　E. For example, a member nation must treat the exports of all WTO members equally.

　　F. which provides loans to poorer nations for economic development.

　　基础练习答案：

　　D E B A F