高级医学英语阅读与写作Chapter two
2012-06-02 22:49:01   来源：37度医学网   作者：  评论：0 点击：

If you think you have something to sell to a government agency — anything from paper clips to airplanes —make an appointment to see a Small Business Administration procurement officer. Federal procurement specialists in SBA field offices are prepared to assist you in the preparation of bids for prime contracts and subcontracts (contracts in which you supply required parts to the business which has been awarded the prime contract). The procurement officers will — if you ask them — alert you to the federal agencies which buy the kinds of products or services you can supply. These officers can also help you get your name on the bidders' lists, which are nothing more than another name for government agency "want" lists. Thus, if you intend to become a seller to government agencies, don't neglect contacting an SBA procurement officer.

 
So, as shown above, the following is the pattern of a paragraph of reason.
 
       Paragraph development
 
Topic sentence＋ a reason/reasons＋ (concluding sentence)
 
Indicators of reason:
 
        for one thing             one reason is that…          that is the reason why…
        for another thing              the other reason is that…  … is the reason that…
for                            since                                  because
first, second, third, finally
 
Definition
 
When you are writing on a topic, ask yourself if there is any important word in the topic which ought to be clearly defined to avoid confusion.
There are many ways of defining a word. The least effective is the one that students most commonly use: quoting the dictionary (Webster defines freedom as..."). Instead of quoting the dictionary, you can use one or more of the methods listed next.
 
1.  Defining bysynonym. A synonym is a word or phrase that means approximately the same thing as the word you are defining.
 
      Apathetic means indifferent.
            To prevaricate is to lie.
            Clandestinely means secretly.
 
2.  Defining by comparison, contrast, or analogy. You can define a word by comparing, contrasting or likening it to another word.
 
While burglary is the stealing of property from a place, robbery is the stealing of property from a person.
 
A lien on a piece of property is like a leash on a dog. It's a way of legally attaching the property to someone who has a claim against the property owner.
 
3.  Defining by function. If the word denotes a person or object, you can define it by saying what the person or object does:
 
            An orthopedist treats bone diseases.
            An ombudsman defends an individual in a conflict with an institution.
 
4.  Defining by analysis. You can define a word by naming the class of the person or thing it denotes and then giving one or more distinctive features:
 
                   Word                     Class             Feature
            An orthopedist is   a doctor        who specializes in bones.
            A plover is             a bird            that lives on the shore.
            A skylight is           a window     set in the roof of a building.
 
5.  Defining byexample. You can define a word by giving examples after naming the class of the person or thing it denotes:
 
            A crustacean is a shelled creature such as lobster, a shrimp, or a crab.
            A planet is a heavenly sphere such as Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, or Earth.
 
6.  Defining by