在乳制品中添加抗老化成分
2013-11-12 09:51:52   来源：   作者：  评论：0 点击：

乳制品是如何延缓衰老过程的？
If I’d known I was going to live this long, I’d have taken better care of myself.” –Eubie Blake, ragtime pianist and composer, age 100
Spoiler alert: I don’t have the antidote to aging, nor does anyone. But there are ways to feel better as we age and possibly live a little longer.
“如果我知道我要活这么久，我过去就该好好对待自己”
—— Eubie Blake（雷格泰姆音乐钢琴家和作曲家，100岁）
破坏者声明：我没有对付年龄的方法，其他人也没有。不过，当我们变老时，总会有办法让我们过得更好更长寿。
Paradoxically, as we continue to age, the science of anti-aging is in its infancy. Researchers have increased the lifespan of mice by manipulating genes that regulate insulin and also by significantly decreasing food intake. By discovering mechanisms that control aging within animal cells, some experts hope to develop therapies to substantially slow aging in humans.
讽刺的是，在我们逐渐变老时，抗老化科学的研究才处于初期。研究者已研究出延长老鼠寿命的方法，即调整胰岛素和减少食物摄入。由于在动物细胞里发现了控制年龄的机制，一些专家想发展从本质上延缓人类寿命的疗法。
It’s complicated, of course. “Genes define our susceptibility to disease and the aging process, but how much of that is manifested depends on specific environmental factors interacting with genes throughout development,” explained Dr. Artemis Simopoulos, president of The Center for Genetics, Nutrition and Health, Washington, D.C.
当然，这非常复杂。 Artemis Simopoulos博士说“基因决定了我们生病和变老的状态，不过，基因的决定性有多大，还要取决于生长过程中具体环境因子与基因的相互作用”，Artemis Simopoulos是华盛顿基因、营养和健康研究中心的负责人。


Feeling good as we age
Much of what scientists know about humans and aging comes from studies of individuals and populations experiencing long, healthy lives. The New England Centenarian Study found that almost all people who reach 100 are lean (particularly men) and don’t smoke. A healthy weight, regular exercise and not smoking are among the most effective ways to control chronic inflammation — a condition that may play a significant role in the development of many chronic diseases.
年老时感觉很好
现在科学家所了解的大部分关于人类和年龄的内容，都是通过研究那些长寿、健康生活的个人及居民得到的。新英格兰百岁老人研究发现，几乎所有到达百岁的人都很瘦（尤其是男性）而且不吸烟。健康的体重、正常的锻炼和不吸烟，是控制慢性炎症的最有效的方法，慢性炎症往往是很多慢性疾病发展的重要因素。
In Okinawa, people live about six years longer than Americans and have the lowest rates of heart disease, stroke and cancer. Okinawans consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, soy products and seafood. Other lifestyle habits include a focus on family, not smoking, frequent moderate physical activity and social engagement. The Mediterranean lifestyle is also linked to health and longevity.
居住在冲绳的人比美国人寿命长6岁，且心脏病、中风和癌症患者都很低。冲绳人通常都食用丰富的水果、蔬菜、谷物、豆制品及海产品，其他的生活习惯包括与家庭相处、不吸烟、频繁而有节制的身体锻炼，以及参加社会活动。地中海的生活方式也是健康和长寿的。
Enjoying dairy foods promotes overall health and may reduce the risk of several chronic diseases. A research review published in the American Journal of Hypertension (2004) suggests that increasing dairy intake to three to four servings every day as part of a healthy diet could lead to a significant reduction in chronic disease prevalence, including obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.
食用乳制品能提升健康程度，且有可能减少多种慢性疾病的发病率。一篇发表在2004年版《美国高血压杂志》的论文显示，每日增加三到四次的健康乳制品摄入量，可有效减少诸如肥胖症、高血压、二型糖尿病、骨质疏松等这些流行病。
In addition, some research indicates that higher intake of dairy foods as part of a calorie-controlled diet may help achieve and maintain a healthy body weight, reduce risk of some cancers and decrease metabolic syndrome.
“There’s no question that dairy products like yogurt have a long history — at least 2,000 years — of having anti-aging properties that help keep bones and the GI system healthy,” stated Dr. Simopoulos.
另外一些研究表明，摄入较多的适量卡路里的乳制品，可有利于实现并维持一个健康的体重，减少一些癌症和新陈代谢综合症的发病率。
Simopoulos 博士说道：“毫无疑问，像酸奶这样的乳制品已有一段很长的历史——至少两千年——它拥有抗老化的功能，且能保持骨骼和胃肠系统的健康”。



Looking good as we age
Aging is inevitable, so why not look good while we’re at it? As we age, collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans (components of the skin that provide firmness, elasticity and hydration) gradually decrease and skin becomes thinner, less elastic and drier. In one study, subjects with higher intakes of vitamin C and linoleic acid and lower intakes of fat and carbohydrate showed less skin wrinkling, dryness and wasting. Another study found that subjects with a higher dietary intake of monounsaturated fats, vitamin C, retinol, and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and zinc) had less skin wrinkling; yogurt and cheese were among the foods found to be protective.
年老时看起来很好
变老是在所难免的，但是我们可以在衰老时看得更精神。当我们变老时，使我们皮肤变得坚韧、弹性、水润的那些成分（胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、葡萄糖胺聚糖）在逐渐变少，因而我们的皮肤逐渐变薄、缺乏弹性且更干燥。有一个研究结果表明，摄入较多的维生素C和亚油酸，同时摄入较少的脂肪和碳水化合物，可以减缓我们皮肤起皱、干燥和消瘦。还有一个研究结果表明，摄入较多的单不饱和脂肪、维生素C、维生素A及矿物质（钙、磷、镁、铁、锌）也可以减缓皮肤起皱；酸奶和芝士属于这类食物中比较健康的。
“The skin is the largest organ of the body,” said anti-aging expert Maye Musk. “If we’re eating well for overall health, we’ll have healthier skin.”
Aging also alters body composition: Body fat increases and muscle mass decreases (even when body weight remains the same), resulting in a slower metabolism and greater risk of frailty, impaired wound healing and decreased immune function. An adequate intake of high-quality protein is important.
抗老化专家Maye Musk说：“皮肤是我们身体里最大的器官，如果我们吃得健康，那么我们也会有健康的皮肤。”
变老过程也会改变身体的成分：脂肪增加而肌肉减少（即使体重没变），接着会导致新陈代谢变缓，身体变得虚弱，伤口愈合的能力也变弱，同时免疫功能也会变差。因此，摄入适量的高质量蛋白是很重要的。


Adding anti-aging ingredients
Although some nutrients have been linked to anti-aging, food sources are preferred due to the wide array of nutrients in food and their synergistic effects.
“Research must show that a nutrient causes anti-aging when used as a supplement in foods,” said Musk. “When a nutrient is isolated, it doesn’t function the same way as it would naturally in food.”
Conversely, Dr. Simopoulos sees nothing wrong with adding ingredients with potential anti-aging properties, such as concentrated resveratrol, to foods and beverages.
添加抗老化成分
尽管一些营养品是针对抗老化的，不过含有抗老化成分的食物更受欢迎，因为人们认为食物中的营养成分更多且会产生相互作用。
不过，Simopoulos博士认为，在食物和饮料里增加具有潜在抗老化性能的成分（如浓白藜芦醇），也是可以的。
Several dairy-based products with added “anti-aging” ingredients for skin such as vitamin E, biotin andborage oil have debuted overseas with limited success. Many have been discontinued, mainly due to high price points amidst a financial crunch, according to Gail Barnes, a partner with Personify LLC and an expert in product innovation and processing and packaging technologies.
Barnes predicts formulations of value-added Greek yogurt in the United States, possibly with added antioxidants in the form of fruit (rather than fruit extracts) or cocoa.
“My money is on an ‘anti-aging’ fortified yogurt with a nutrient content claim for protein,” she said.
一些含有针对皮肤抗老化成分（如维生素E、维生素H、琉璃苣）的乳制品，首次在海外营销时效果甚微。有些产品已经被停销了，因为这些产品价格较高，而当前又处于金融危机。该观点是Gail Barnes提出的，他是Personify 有限责任公司的合伙人，同时也是产品创新、加工技术及包装技术方面的专家。
Barnes预测了美国增值型希腊酸奶的成分，可能会增加抗氧化成分，不过是以水果（不是水果浓缩物）或可可的形式存在。
她还说：“我的钱会用在抗老化增强型酸奶上，酸奶里要有蛋白质的营养成分”。