超重准妈妈在孕期吸烟可损害胎儿的心脏
2012-02-03 18:35:16   来源： 丁香园   作者：  评论：0 点击：

最新发表在网上的心脏研究表明:在怀孕期间，如果准妈妈体重过重并且有吸烟不良习惯这将会损害胎儿的心脏发育。

Congenital heart abnormalities are some of the most common defects found at birth, with around eight in every 1000 babies affected. A likely cause is only found in 15% of cases.

先天性心脏病是新生儿最常见的损害之一，每一千个婴儿就会有8例先天性心脏病。但通常只有15%的病例能够早期发现。

The authors base their findings on an analysis of almost 800 babies and foetuses who were born with congenital heart abnormalities, but no other defects, between 1997 and 2008.

在1997-2008年间，作者在研究的基础上对800名患有先天性心脏病，并且没有其他损害的婴儿和胎儿进行了分析。

These babies were compared with 322 children and foetuses who were born with chromosomal abnormalities, but without any heart defects.

这800名婴儿与322名染色体异常但是没有任何心脏缺陷的新生儿和儿童做比较。

The analysis pointed to an enhanced damaging effect for a combination of overweight and smoking

as opposed to one of these factors alone, after taking account of influential factors, such as the mother's alcohol consumption and educational attainment.

分析指出，与单独考虑这两个因素不同。我们应考虑到一系列影响因素，如母亲是否饮酒和受教育程度，都可以在超重和吸烟的基础上增加的对其损害。

Mums to be who both smoked and were overweight, with a BMI of 25 or more, were more than 2.5 times as likely to have a child with a congenital heart defect as women who either smoked or were overweight, but not both.

如果未婚妈妈不仅抽烟，而且体重过重，且BIM大于25时，她的孩子患先天性心脏病的机率比只抽烟或者超重的女性要大2.5倍以上。

The risk of outflow tract obstructive abnormalities, whereby blood flow from the ventricles of the heart to the pulmonary artery or aorta is reduced/blocked, more than tripled in babies born to overweight mums who smoked while pregnant.

通常来说外出通道异常阻塞的危险，也就是血流从心室流向肺动脉或者主动脉减少或阻塞的机率比体重过重的吸烟孕妇所生的婴儿高3倍以上。

"These results indicate that maternal smoking and overweight may both be involved in the same pathway that causes congenital heart defects," write the authors.

作者写到："这些结果表明，孕妇抽烟和体重过重可能通过同种途径导致先天性心脏病."

While the exact mode of action is not clear, they point to disturbances in plasma cholesterol, which is independently associated with obesity and smoking, and which results in lower levels of "good" cholesterol and higher levels of "bad" cholesterol.

虽然其确切的机制尚未清楚，但是他们指出血浆胆固醇的干扰与肥胖和吸烟的联系是相对独立的，并且这种干扰将导致“好”胆固醇处于低水平，“坏”胆固醇处于高水平。

The findings add to the growing body of evidence for the links between smoking and overweight during pregnancy with, variously, miscarriage/stillbirth, stunted growth, and premature birth, say the authors.

最后，作者表示越来越多的证据显示怀孕期间吸烟和超重与流产，发育迟缓，早产有各种各样的联系。