男孩的工作与早期青春期接触专业的相关
2012-05-19 12:15:46   来源： 丁香园   作者：  评论：0 点击：

Florence, Italy: Data being presented atthe joint International Congress of Endocrinology/European Congress ofEndocrinology show for the first time that boys who are made to work at a youngage undergo puberty at an earlier age than their school-attending counterparts.

意大利佛罗伦萨：数据由国际内分泌协会欧洲分会提供，这些数据第一次提出与还在求学的同龄人相比，男生们在较小的年龄开始工作会导致他们比那些还在求学的同龄人更早的经历青春期。
Dr Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi of Pakistan Science Foundation and his team from thePMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Medical College and NationalInstitute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan studied 294 boys currently in work andcompared them to 300 boys currently attending school. All boys were aged from10-20 years old. The researchers measured the levels of a number of hormones intheir blood that signal the development of puberty. These includedtestosterone, luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),inhibin B and cortisol.
They found there were significant differences in the hormone levels produced atdifferent ages in boys who worked compared to boys who attended school.Production of LH and testosterone generally exhibit two peaks during puberty.In school-attending boys, these peaks occurred on average at age 15 and age 18.However, in boys who work, these peaks occurred on average at age 13 and age17. This difference was significant for testosterone at ages 13 (p=0.006) and17 (p=0.04) and approached significance for LH at ages 14 (p=0.06). The mainrole of LH in the body is to stimulate the testes to produce testosterone.Testosterone is the hormone that is responsible for the development of malecharacteristics including increases in height and muscle mass, body and pubichair growth, enlargement of the penis and testes and the dropping of the voice.

巴基斯坦科学基金会博士赛义德·沙基尔·拉扎·里兹维和他的团队进行的本次研究，他的团队来自于伊斯兰堡的拉瓦尔品第干旱农业大学和拉瓦尔品第医学院以及国立卫生研究院。他们在巴基斯坦将294名正在工作的男生与300名正在求学的男生进行对比。这些男生的年龄在10-20岁之间。研究者测定了这些男孩血液中与青春期发育相关的激素水平。这些激素包括睾酮，黄体激素（LH），卵泡刺激素（FSH），抑制素B和皮质醇。并且他们发现不同年龄段的已经工作的男孩要比还在求学的男生相比，他们的激素水平有显著不同。在青春期生长激素与睾酮展现出来两个高峰。而对于那些求学的男孩，这些激素达到峰值的时间在13岁到17岁。睾酮水平的差异13岁(p=0.006)与17岁(p=0.04)时最为显著，并且在14岁时生长激素的水平也接近显著性差异(p=0.06)。人体中生长激素的作用是刺激睾丸产生睾酮。睾酮的生物学功能包括。负责男性生命特征的维持，包括体重及肌肉数量的增加，体重及头发的生长，阴茎和睾丸的扩大以及声调变的更为低沉。
The production of FSH and inhibin B peaked at 14 years of age in non-workingboys versus 13 years of age in working boys. This difference approachedsignificance at age 13 for FSH (p=0.05) and inhibin (p=0.05). Both thesehormones are involved in the process of sperm production. Boys who worked alsohad higher levels of cortisol compared to those who attended school (at age 14;p=0.03). Cortisol is a hormone which helps to regulate the body’s metabolismand is important in helping the body respond to stress.

在尚未工作还在求学的男生中，卵泡刺激素与抑制素B的产生在14岁时达到高峰，而相比之下那些较早 工作的男生，卵泡刺激素与抑制素B在13岁时就已经达到高峰。而卵泡刺激素与抑制素B均参与精子产生的过程。而那些较早工作的男生与还在求学的男生相比皮 质醇水平也较高（14岁时，p=0.03）。皮质醇帮助调控机体的代谢情况并且在发生应激事件时起到极为重要的作用。
This is the first time that a relationship between timing of puberty and childlabour has been found. Further work is now needed to look at the reasons forthis association. It is currently
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unclear whether it is the work itself or some other factor (e.g. nutritionalstatus) that is causing this difference in onset of puberty to occur. Theresearch group now plans to examine the factors underlying this relationship inmore detail, particularly focussing on whether the higher levels of cortisol inworking boys could be a contributing factor.

这个研究第一次证实青春期的时间与童工经历之间存在相关性，并且它影响青春期出现的时间差异。目前还不知道工作本身或者其他一些因素是否会影响青春期（例如 营养状态）出现的时间早晚。研究组计划今后对构成相关性的因素进行更进一步的探讨，特别是对于那些较早工作的男生体内较高水平的皮质醇激素水平是否是促进 青春期出现的因素今后将进一步进行研究。
Dr Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi, Deputy Secretary of the Pakistan ScienceFoundation, said:
“Earlier studies have shown that the onset of puberty, leading to sexualmaturation and ability to reproduce, is influenced by several internal andexternal factors. Nevertheless, published literature has not so far providedany data on the effect of adverse physical stresses on the timing of the onsetof the puberty.

巴基斯坦科学基金会副秘书长，博士赛义德·沙基尔·拉扎·里兹维说：“早期的研究显示青春期的出现，可以导致性成熟和生育能力的成熟，而这同时受到几个内部 与外部因素的同时影响。然而，目前发表的论文中并没有任何数据支持不良的身体的应激对于青春期出现时间的早晚有何影响。
“We have shown for the first time that child labour is linked to theadvancement of puberty in boys, on average by a year. Although we do not yetknow the reasons behind this finding, it indicates that being put to work atearly age is having long term physiological consequences on the childreninvolved. Our next step is to try to find out more about the reasons for thisassociation between work and age at puberty.”

“我们的研究第一次显示童工经历与男生青春期出现时间提前相关，通常平均提前1年时间，尽管目前我们还不知道这个发现背后的具体机制，但是这个发现证实了在进 入本研究的男生中，童工经历对于男孩们有着长期的生理上的影响。而我们下一步的工作是尝试找出工作于青春期出现的早晚之间更为深入的机制。
It is thought that there are approximately 215 million children worldwide whowork. Of these, 127 million are thought to be boys1. It is already known thatchild labour can deprive a child of critical education and training, as well asexposing them to physical and psychological suffering which may have long termeffects. This study is the first time that child labour has been found toaffect the timing of puberty in boys, with the age decreasing by approximatelyone year.

据估算全球童工人数大约有 215亿，而这些童工中127亿人均为男生。事实上，作为童工会被剥夺对其非常重要的受教育和培训的机会，同时暴露于他们的身体上和心里上的创伤可能会对 其产生长期的影响。本研究第一次证实童工经历会影响男孩子们青春期出现的时间，这些男孩子们的青春期通常提前1年时间。
ABSTRACT
Earlier reactivation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and advancementof puberty in boys under labour stress

童工时期的劳动压力与下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的早期激活和青春期的提前出现相关

A. Rehman¹, A. Kanwal¹,S. Naureen1, A. Naseem1, S. Aslam2, M. Irfan1, F. Tahir3, M. Qayyum1, R.Mansoor4, S. Murtaza5 & SSR. Rizvi1,6

1PMAS Arid Agriculture University,Rawalpindi, Pakistan;干旱农业大学，巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第

2Government College University, Lahore,Pakistan;政府学院大学，巴基斯坦拉合尔

3National Institute of Health, Islamabad,Pakistan;国立卫生研究所，巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡

4Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi,Pakistan;拉瓦尔品第医学院，巴基斯坦

5Nuclear Oncology and RadiotherapyInstitute, Islamabad, Pakistan;肿瘤核医学和放射治疗研究所，巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡

6Pakistan Science Foundation, Islamabad,Pakistan. 巴基斯坦科学基金会，巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡

The reawakening of thehypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis leading to attainment of sexualmaturation and reproductive capacity is influenced by several internal andexternal factors. Amongst external factors, adverse physical or psychologicalconditions may alter the timing of onset of puberty. The present study examinedthe effect of persistent and severe physical stress on timing of onset ofpuberty. The study included non-working school/college going and working boysof 10 and 20 years of age (n=594). Blood samples were obtained, plasma wasseparated and concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulatinghormone (FSH), testosterone (T), inhibin B and cortisol were measured usingspecific ELISA systems. Data were analyzed using student’s T test and ANOVA.

In non-working boys, concentrations of LHand T gradually increased, attaining first peak at 15 and a second peak at 18years, whereas concentrations of FSH and inhibin B progressively increased andpeaked at 14 years. The concentrations of FSH were maintained thereafter,whereas levels of inhibin B slowly declined to low levels. In working boys,concentrations of LH, which were several fold higher at 10 and 11 yearscompared to school going boys, increased progressively and reached first peakat 14 and a second peak at 17 years. The levels of FSH steadily increased andattained a plateau at 13 years.

The concentrations of T were higher at 11 and 12 years and attainedfirst peak at 13 and a second peak at 17 years. The concentrations of inhibin Bgradually reached maximum concentrations at 13 years, declining thereafter tolow concentrations at 20 years. The concentrations of cortisol weresignificantly higher in working boys of all age groups. In conclusion, thepresent study demonstrates that boys under labor stress experience an earlierreawakening of HPG axis and an advancement of puberty by a year or so.

下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴（HPG）功能的激活导致性成熟 和生殖能力出现受许多内部和外部因素的影响。在这些外部因素中，不良的身体或者心理上的应激事件会改变青春期出现的时间的早晚。现有的研究已经证实持续或 者严重的身体上的应激会影响青春期出现时间的早晚。研究人群包括未工作的还在上中学/大学的男生以及在10-20岁之间的工作的男生（n=594）。研究 采集了受试者的血液样本，并且分离出血浆，并且应用特异性的ELISA试剂盒测定了黄体生成素（LH），卵泡刺激素（FSH），睾酮（T），抑制素B以及 皮质醇。对实验数据应用t检验和方差分析进行检验。在未工作的尚在求学的男孩子中，黄体生成素和睾酮的浓度增加，青春期的第一次高峰在15岁，第二个高峰 在18岁，然而卵泡刺激素和抑制素B进行性增加在14岁时达到高峰。随后卵泡刺激素浓度维持在这个水平，而抑制素B的水平逐渐下降到较低的水平。工作的男 孩子中在10到11岁时血浆黄体生成素的浓度较同龄的还在求学的男孩子，黄体生成素的浓度升高几倍，而对于那些没有去工作还在求学的男孩子来说，，黄体生 成素的浓度逐渐升高并且在14岁时达到第一个高峰，而在17岁时达到第二个高峰。卵泡刺激素的浓度稳定增加，并且在13岁时达到稳态。睾酮的浓度在11岁 和12岁时增加，并且在13岁时达到第一次高峰，并且在17岁时达到第二次高峰。而抑制素B的浓度在13岁时逐渐达到最大值，并且在20岁时下降到较低的 浓度。在所有研究的年龄段中，工作的男孩子的皮质醇水平显著升高。总之，现在的研究证实，有童工经历的男孩子在通常下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴激活的时间较早， 并且青春期通常也提前1年左右。